In the next list, we are going to see the main derivational suffixes used
when creating adjectives from nouns and
verbs.
We
also need to remember that as we stated in the introductory article :
Suffixes role in English, derivational suffixes change the class or
subclass of the word that implements the
suffix.
In the following lists will appear the derivational
suffix with its meaning, which is added to the noun or verb in order to create
a new adjective.
For example, if
we add to the verb “read” the
derivational suffix “-able”,
which means something possible or that can be done,
we obtain the adjective “readable”
that means something easy to read or legible.
There is an addition of the verb and suffix meanings.
En la siguiente
lista, vamos a ver los principales
sufijos derivacionales utilizados
a la hora de crear adjetivos a partir de
sustantivos y verbos.
También debemos recordar que tal como indicamos en el
artículo introductorio: El papel de los sufijos en Ingles, los sufijos
derivacionales cambian la clase o subclase de la palabra que implementa el
sufijo.
En las listas siguientes aparecerá el sufijo derivacional
con su significado, el cual añade al verbo o sustantivo para dar forma al nuevo
adjetivo.
Por ejemplo, si al
verbo “read” (leer) le añadimos el
sufijo derivacional “-able”
,que significa: posible o que se puede, obtenemos el adjetivo “readable” que
significa fácil de leer o legible en su primera acepción (que se puede leer).
Hay una suma de significados del verbo y el sufijo.
Creating an adjective from a noun
with a suffix addition follows the same process that the one aforementioned for
the verb.
For example, if we add to the noun “occident” the derivational suffix “-al”,
which means: relating to, we obtain the adjective “occidental”
that means characteristic of the countries of the Western Europe.
Crear un adjetivo a partir de un
sustantivo al que añadimos un sufijo sigue el mismo procedimiento que el
indicado arriba para el verbo.
Por ejemplo, si al sustantivo “occident” (occidente)
le añadimos el sufijo derivacional “-al”, el
cual significa: relativo a, obtenemos el adjetivo “occidental” que
significa característico de los países de occidente.
In order to make it easier and
intuitive to learn the derivational suffixes, which create adjectives, we will
use three tables.
The first
table states a list of suffixes that after being added to the verb create an
adjective:
Para que sea más asequible a la par
que intuitivo el aprender los sufijos derivacionales con los cuales se crean
adjetivos, lo haremos a través de tres tablas.
Una primera
tabla indica una
lista de sufijos que tras añadirse a un verbo forman un adjetivo:
Suffix
|
Meaning
|
Verb
|
Adjective
|
-able
|
Easily
influenced, having capacity/ability or being useful/valuable on a specified
action.
|
to adjust
to adopt
to deceive
|
adjustable
adoptable
deceivable
|
-ible
|
Shares the same meaning of
the suffix –able.
|
to corrupt
to reproduce
|
corruptible
reproducible
|
-ive
|
Performing or having a tendency
toward a
particular action.
|
to connect
to adhere
|
connective
adhesive
|
-ative
|
Shares the same meaning of
the suffix –ive
|
to represent
to communicate
|
representative
communicative
|
|
|
|
|
The
adjectives are not always created by just adding the suffix to the verb, as you can realize observing how some verbs are ending.
We must know the applicable rules when creating words
that use suffixes.
Los
adjetivos no se crean siempre añadiendo simplemente el sufijo al verbo, como puedes percatarte observando como finalizan alguno de los verbos.
Debemos conocer las reglas aplicables en la creación de
palabras usando sufijos.
The second
table states a list of suffixes that after being added to the noun create an
adjective:
La segunda tabla indica una lista de sufijos que tras
añadirse a un sustantivo forman un adjetivo:
Suffix
|
Meaning
|
Noun
|
Adjective
|
-ed
|
having,
with the characteristics of,
exhibiting similarity
|
beard
short sight
|
bearded
short-sighted
|
-en
|
made of,
with the characteristics of,
|
gold
*drunk
oak
|
golden
drunken
oaken
|
-ese
|
Taking its origin or rising in,
Native or inhabitant,
|
Vietnam
China
|
Vietnamese
Chinese
|
-i
|
Shares the meaning of the suffix -ese
|
Bangladesh
Pakistan
|
Bangladeshi
Pakistani
|
-ic
:
-ical
|
characterized by,
having reference to,
|
academy
astronomy
|
academic
astronomical
|
-ish
|
Native or inhabitant
Typical of
|
Poland
baby
|
Polish
babyish
|
-ian
|
relating to,
belonging to,
resembling to,
|
authority
Egypt
*academic
|
authoritarian
Egyptian
Academician
|
-ly
|
Occurring at a specified interval of time,
like,
:
relating to,
|
hour
week
brother
|
hourly
weekly
brotherly
|
|
|
|
|
*We use drunk in this context as a
noun (period of inebriation) and not as an adjective (intoxicated).The same
happens with academic (professor), we use it as a noun and not as an adjective
(relating to school).
*Usamos “drunk” en este contexto como
sustantivo (borrachera) y no como un adjetivo ( borracho o borracha).Lo mismo sucede
con “academic”(profesor), lo usamos como un sustantivo y no como un adjetivo
(relativo a la escuela).
The third
table states a list of suffixes that after being added to a noun or verb
create an adjective:
La
tercera tabla indica una lista de sufijos que tras añadirse al sustantivo o
verbo crean un adjetivo:
Suffix
|
Meaning
|
Noun or Verb
|
Adjective
|
-al
|
relating to,
characterized by,
action,
|
exception (n)
devotion (n)
disapprove (v)
|
exceptional
devotional
disapproval
|
-ful
|
able to,
characterized by,
|
help (n,v)
beauty (n)
|
Helpful
beautiful
|
-less
|
without,
unable to act in
a particular way,
|
shame (n)
effort (n)
use (n,v)
|
shameless
effortless
useless
|
-like
|
being similar or
characteristic of,
|
rush (n,v)
lady (n)
|
rush-like
ladylike
|
-ous
|
having or full
of,
characterized by,
|
ridicule (n,v)
caution (n)
|
ridiculous
cautious
|
-type
|
form
|
post (n,v)
|
post type
|
-y
|
similar to,
inclined toward,
|
winter (n)
thirst (n,v)
|
wintry
*thirsty
|
|
|
|
|
“Thirsty” comes from a verb when we
are referring to its meaning as “desirous of something” (as power or
knowledge).
“Thirsty”(sediento) proviene de un
verbo cuando hacemos referencia al significado del adjetivo como “deseo de
algo” (como poder o conocimientos).
See related article: suffixes role in English
Ver artículo relacionado: el papel de los
sufijos en inglés
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