Nouns created by suffixes in English.
Sustantivos creados por sufijos en inglés.
According to the following list of
suffixes, you will perceive how a word can change of grammatical class or
sub-class.
For example in the verb “to arrive” by the
addition of the suffix “-al” it is converted into the noun “arrival”.
If someone asked us to convert the
verb “to insist” into a noun we should use the suffix “-ence”in order to obtain the noun
“insistence”.
As we have already stated in the
associated article “Suffixes role in English”, a suffix may change a
word to a sub-class of the same word class.
For example, applying the suffix –age to the word bag (which is count
noun as we can say if there are
two, three or more bags as bag is a countable noun) we create the non-count noun baggage (it is an uncountable noun
as we cannot say if there is one baggage or there some baggage).
In case of doubt, remember that a non-count noun never has plural form; we just don’t say two
milks, two snows, two baggages…
This will be a required exercise for advanced levels,
either on an official language examination as the “Advanced of English”, or
using the less common suffixes on the “Proficiency”.
A partir de la siguiente lista de
sufijos te darás cuenta de cómo se puede cambiar de clase o subclase una
palabra. Por
ejemplo el verbo”to arrive” (llegar) al añadirle el sufijo “–al” se convierte
en arrival (llegada) un sustantivo.
Si nos pidieran convertir el verbo “to
insist” en un sustantivo deberíamos utilizar el sufijo “-ence” para obtener”
insistence”.
También como ya indicamos en el
artículo relacionado “Suffixes role in english”, el sufijo puede
provocar un cambio de subclase.
Un ejemplo
seria aplicar el sufijo –age a la
palabra bag (bolsa) que es un sustantivo
contable (podemos decir si hay una, dos o más bosas; se puede contar) resultando la palabra baggage
(equipaje) que es un sustantivo incontable (no podemos decir si hay uno o más
equipajes; no se puede contar).
Ante la duda de si
una palabra es contable o incontable recordemos que las no contables no tienen
plural, no decimos dos leches, dos nieves, dos equipajes…
Este será un tipo de ejercicio que se pide para niveles
avanzados, bien sea en un examen oficial como el “Advanced of English “y con
sufijos menos comunes para el “Proficiency”.
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Suffix
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meanings
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examples
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-age
|
refer to the action or process
|
wastage, anchorage
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-al
|
action
of
|
arrival,
approval
|
-ant/-ent
|
person/thing
performing the action
|
student,
deodorant
|
-ance/-ence
|
refer
to an action
|
insistence,
violence
|
-arium/-orium
|
thing or place relating to
|
planetarium, aquarium
|
-ary/-ery/-ory
|
relating
or connected to
|
monetary,
watery
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-dom
|
state or condition
|
boredom, freedom
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-ee
|
person/thing
subject of the origin verb
|
interviewee,
employee
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-ar/-er/-or
|
one that performs
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singer, registrar
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-ie/-y
|
little one someone who is or
belongs
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kiddie townie
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-hood
|
denoting condition, character
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motherhood, childhood
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-ism
|
denotes
action or practice
state
or condition
principles
or doctrines
|
criticism
optimism,
pessimism
Marxism,
pacifism
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-ist
|
person who is concerned with
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impressionist, machinist
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-ity/-ty
|
state
or condition
|
similarity,
casualty
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let/-ette
|
Diminutive
jewellery
worn on that part of the body
|
kitchenette, booklet
bracelet,
wristlet
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-ment
|
action
or result
|
management,
investment
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-ness
|
state, condition, quality, degree
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abruptness, crispness
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-ship
|
state,
position or skills
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membership,
citizenship
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-sion/-tion/-xion
|
state, condition, action,
process or result
|
confusion, composition
complexion
|
-ation
|
action, state,
condition or quality of
|
acclamation,
subrogation
|
See related article:
Suffixes
role in English.
Ver artículo relacionado: El papel de los
sufijos en inglés.
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